CALCIUM - Uses, Side Effects, and More

Abbott, R. D., Curb, J. D., Rodriguez, B. L., Sharp, D. S., Burchfiel, C. M., and Yano, K. Effect of dietary calcium and milk consumption on risk of thromboembolic stroke in older middle-aged men. The Honolulu Heart Program. Stroke 1996;27(5):813-818. View abstract.

Abellan, Perez M., Bayina Garcia, F. J., Calabozo, M., Carpintero, Benitez P., Figueroa, Pedrosa M., Fernandez, Crisostomo C., Garcia, Lopez A., Garcia, Perez S., Mesa, Ramos M., Paulino, Tevar J., and . [Multicenter comparative study of synthetic salmon calcitonin administered nasally in the treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis]. An.Med.Interna 1995;12(1):12-16. View abstract.

Abrams, S. A., Griffin, I. J., and Davila, P. M. Calcium and zinc absorption from lactose-containing and lactose-free infant formulas. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76(2):442-446. View abstract.

Adachi, J. D., Bensen, W. G., Bell, M. J., Bianchi, F. A., Cividino, A. A., Craig, G. L., Sturtridge, W. C., Sebaldt, R. J., Steele, M., Gordon, M., Themeles, E., Tugwell, P., Roberts, R., and Gent, M. Salmon calcitonin nasal spray in the prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Br.J Rheumatol. 1997;36(2):255-259. View abstract.

Adachi, J. D., Bensen, W. G., Brown, J., Hanley, D., Hodsman, A., Josse, R., Kendler, D. L., Lentle, B., Olszynski, W., Ste-Marie, L. G., Tenenhouse, A., and Chines, A. A. Intermittent etidronate therapy to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. N.Engl.J Med. 8-7-1997;337(6):382-387. View abstract.

Al, Sarakbi W., Salhab, M., and Mokbel, K. Dairy products and breast cancer risk: a review of the literature. Int J Fertil.Womens Med. 2005;50(6):244-249. View abstract.

Albanese, A. A., Edelson, A. H., Lorenze, E. J., Jr., Woodhull, M. L., and Wein, E. H. Problems of bone health in elderly. Ten-year study. N.Y.State J Med. 1975;75(3):326-336. View abstract.

Almirall, J., Veciana, L., and Llibre, J. Calcium acetate versus calcium carbonate for the control of serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients. Am J Nephrol 1994;14(3):192-196. View abstract.

Almustafa, M., Doyle, F. H., Gutteridge, D. H., Hand, D. J., Davis, T. M., Spinks, T. J., Freemantle, C., and Joplin, G. F. Effects of treatments by calcium and sex hormones on vertebral fracturing in osteoporosis. Q.J Med 1992;83(300):283-294. View abstract.

Aloia, J. F., Vaswani, A. N., Yeh, J. K., Ross, P., Ellis, K., and Cohn, S. H. Determinants of bone mass in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern.Med. 1983;143(9):1700-1704. View abstract.

Aloia, J. F., Vaswani, A., Yeh, J. K., Ellis, K., Yasumura, S., and Cohn, S. H. Calcitriol in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Med. 1988;84(3 Pt 1):401-408. View abstract.

Aloia, J. F., Vaswani, A., Yeh, J. K., Ross, P. L., Flaster, E., and Dilmanian, F. A. Calcium supplementation with and without hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. Ann.Intern.Med. 1-15-1994;120(2):97-103. View abstract.

Alonso, A., Beunza, J. J., Delgado-Rodriguez, M., Martinez, J. A., and Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A. Low-fat dairy consumption and reduced risk of hypertension: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(5):972-979. View abstract.

Amin, S., LaValley, M. P., Simms, R. W., and Felson, D. T. The comparative efficacy of drug therapies used for the management of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-regression. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17(8):1512-1526. View abstract.

Amin, S., LaValley, M. P., Simms, R. W., and Felson, D. T. The role of vitamin D in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analytic approach. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42(8):1740-1751. View abstract.

Angus, R. M., Sambrook, P. N., Pocock, N. A., and Eisman, J. A. Dietary intake and bone mineral density. Bone Miner 1988;4(3):265-277. View abstract.

Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Vogt, T. M., Cutler, J. A., Windhauser, M. M., Lin, P. H., and Karanja, N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N.Engl.J Med 4-17-1997;336(16):1117-1124. View abstract.

Arbman, G., Axelson, O., Ericsson-Begodzki, A. B., Fredriksson, M., Nilsson, E., and Sjodahl, R. Cereal fiber, calcium, and colorectal cancer. Cancer 4-15-1992;69(8):2042-2048. View abstract.

Ardissino, G., Schmitt, C. P., Testa, S., Claris-Appiani, A., and Mehls, O. Calcitriol pulse therapy is not more effective than daily calcitriol therapy in controlling secondary hyperparathyroidism in children with chronic renal failure. European Study Group on Vitamin D in Children with Renal Failure. Pediatr.Nephrol 2000;14(7):664-668. View abstract.

Arthur, R. S., Piraino, B., Candib, D., Cooperstein, L., Chen, T., West, C., and Puschett, J. Effect of low-dose calcitriol and calcium therapy on bone histomorphometry and urinary calcium excretion in osteopenic women. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1990;16(6):385-390. View abstract.

Ascherio, A., Hennekens, C., Willett, W. C., Sacks, F., Rosner, B., Manson, J., Witteman, J., and Stampfer, M. J. Prospective study of nutritional factors, blood pressure, and hypertension among US women. Hypertension 1996;27(5):1065-1072. View abstract.

Ascherio, A., Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B., Willett, W. C., Sacks, F., and Stampfer, M. J. A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US men. Circulation 1992;86(5):1475-1484. View abstract.

Astrup, A. Calcium reduces risk of pre-eclampsia. Lancet 12-11-2010;376(9757):1986-1987. View abstract.

Avenell, A., Gillespie, W. J., Gillespie, L. D., and O'Connell, D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(2):CD000227. View abstract.

Avenell, A., Grant, A. M., McGee, M., McPherson, G., Campbell, M. K., and McGee, M. A. The effects of an open design on trial participant recruitment, compliance and retention--a randomized controlled trial comparison with a blinded, placebo-controlled design. Clin Trials 2004;1(6):490-498. View abstract.

Baecker, N., Frings-Meuthen, P., Smith, S. M., and Heer, M. Short-term high dietary calcium intake during bedrest has no effect on markers of bone turnover in healthy men. Nutrition 2010;26(5):522-527. View abstract.

Baran, D., Sorensen, A., Grimes, J., Lew, R., Karellas, A., Johnson, B., and Roche, J. Dietary modification with dairy products for preventing vertebral bone loss in premenopausal women: a three-year prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;70(1):264-270. View abstract.

Barbone, F., Austin, H., and Partridge, E. E. Diet and endometrial cancer: a case-control study. Am J Epidemiol. 2-15-1993;137(4):393-403. View abstract.

Barnard, K. and Colon-Emeric, C. Extraskeletal effects of vitamin D in older adults: cardiovascular disease, mortality, mood, and cognition. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2010;8(1):4-33. View abstract.

Barr, S. I., McCarron, D. A., Heaney, R. P., Dawson-Hughes, B., Berga, S. L., Stern, J. S., and Oparil, S. Effects of increased consumption of fluid milk on energy and nutrient intake, body weight, and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100(7):810-817. View abstract.

Barreto, D. V., Barreto, Fde C., de Carvalho, A. B., Cuppari, L., Draibe, S. A., Dalboni, M. A., Moyses, R. M., Neves, K. R., Jorgetti, V., Miname, M., Santos, R. D., and Canziani, M. E. Phosphate binder impact on bone remodeling and coronary calcification--results from the BRiC study. Nephron Clin Pract. 2008;110(4):c273-c283. View abstract.

Barry, E., Laffoy, M., Matthews, E., and Carey, D. Preventing accidental falls among older people in long stay units. Ir.Med.J 2001;94(6):172, 174-172, 176. View abstract.

Becker, C., Kron, M., Lindemann, U., Sturm, E., Eichner, B., Walter-Jung, B., and Nikolaus, T. Effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention on falls in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(3):306-313. View abstract.

Belizan, J. M., Villar, J., Bergel, E., del, Pino A., Di, Fulvio S., Galliano, S. V., and Kattan, C. Long-term effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on the blood pressure of offspring: follow up of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 8-2-1997;315(7103):281-285. View abstract.

Belizan, J. M., Villar, J., Gonzalez, L., Campodonico, L., and Bergel, E. Calcium supplementation to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. N.Engl.J Med. 11-14-1991;325(20):1399-1405. View abstract.

Belizan, J. M., Villar, J., Pineda, O., Gonzalez, A. E., Sainz, E., Garrera, G., and Sibrian, R. Reduction of blood pressure with calcium supplementation in young adults. JAMA 3-4-1983;249(9):1161-1165. View abstract.

Belizan, J. M., Villar, J., Zalazar, A., Rojas, L., Chan, D., and Bryce, G. F. Preliminary evidence of the effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in normal pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 5-15-1983;146(2):175-180. View abstract.

Bellinger, D. C. Teratogen update: lead and pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2005;73(6):409-420. View abstract.

Belluzzo, M., Monti, F., and Pizzolato, G. A case of hypocalcemia-related epilepsia partialis continua. Seizure. 5-26-2011; View abstract.

Bemben, D. A., Fetters, N. L., Bemben, M. G., Nabavi, N., and Koh, E. T. Musculoskeletal responses to high- and low-intensity resistance training in early postmenopausal women. Med Sci.Sports.Exerc. 2000;32(11):1949-1957. View abstract.

Bendsen, N. T., Hother, A. L., Jensen, S. K., Lorenzen, J. K., and Astrup, A. Effect of dairy calcium on fecal fat excretion: a randomized crossover trial. Int.J Obes.(Lond.) 2008;32(12):1816-1824. View abstract.

Benito, E., Cabeza, E., Moreno, V., Obrador, A., and Bosch, F. X. Diet and colorectal adenomas: a case-control study in Majorca. Int J Cancer 9-9-1993;55(2):213-219. View abstract.

Benito, E., Obrador, A., Stiggelbout, A., Bosch, F. X., Mulet, M., Munoz, N., and Kaldor, J. A population-based case-control study of colorectal cancer in Majorca. I. Dietary factors. Int J Cancer 1-15-1990;45(1):69-76. View abstract.

Benito, E., Stiggelbout, A., Bosch, F. X., Obrador, A., Kaldor, J., Mulet, M., and Munoz, N. Nutritional factors in colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in Majorca. Int J Cancer 9-9-1991;49(2):161-167. View abstract.

Bergel, E. and Barros, A. J. Effect of maternal calcium intake during pregnancy on children's blood pressure: a systematic review of the literature. BMC.Pediatr. 2007;7:15. View abstract.

Bergman, G. J., Fan, T., McFetridge, J. T., and Sen, S. S. Efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in preventing fractures in elderly women: a meta-analysis. Curr Med.Res Opin. 2010;26(5):1193-1201. View abstract.

Bergsma-Kadijk, J. A., van, 't, V, Kampman, E., and Burema, J. Calcium does not protect against colorectal neoplasia. Epidemiology 1996;7(6):590-597. View abstract.

Bernecker PM, Neiger E, Pietschmann P, and et al. Cyclic clodronate versus continuous monofluoro-phosphate therapy for treatment of glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:662.

Bhattacharyya, A. K., Thera, C., Anderson, J. T., Grande, F., and Keys, A. Dietary calcium and fat. Effect on serum lipids and fecal excretion of cholesterol and its degradation products in man. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1969;22(9):1161-1174. View abstract.

Bidoli, E., Franceschi, S., Talamini, R., Barra, S., and La, Vecchia C. Food consumption and cancer of the colon and rectum in north-eastern Italy. Int J Cancer 1-21-1992;50(2):223-229. View abstract.

Bierenbaum, M. L., Wolf, E., Bisgeier, G., and Maginnis, W. P. Dietary calcium. A method of lowering blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1988;1(3 Pt 3):149S-152S. View abstract.

Bijlsma, J. W. Supplementation of vitamin D plus calcium is effective in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis management. Clin Exp.Rheumatol. 2000;18(1):3-4. View abstract.

Bijlsma, J. W., Raymakers, J. A., Mosch, C., Hoekstra, A., Derksen, R. H., Baart, de la Faille, and Duursma, S. A. Effect of oral calcium and vitamin D on glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia. Clin Exp.Rheumatol. 1988;6(2):113-119. View abstract.

Birck, R., Zimmermann, E., Wassmer, S., Nowack, R., and van der Woude, F. J. Calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium acetate for treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients on maintenance haemodialysis: a cross-over study. Nephrol Dial.Transplant. 1999;14(6):1475-1479. View abstract.

Birkett, N. J. Comments on a meta-analysis of the relation between dietary calcium intake and blood pressure. Am J Epidemiol. 8-1-1998;148(3):223-228. View abstract.

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Rees JR, Grau MV, and et al. Effect of calcium supplementation on fracture risk: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2006;(21):S60.

Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Dawson-Hughes, B., Baron, J. A., Burckhardt, P., Li, R., Spiegelman, D., Specker, B., Orav, J. E., Wong, J. B., Staehelin, H. B., O'Reilly, E., Kiel, D. P., and Willett, W. C. Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(6):1780-1790. View abstract.

Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Dawson-Hughes, B., Baron, J. A., Kanis, J. A., Orav, E. J., Staehelin, H. B., Kiel, D. P., Burckhardt, P., Henschkowski, J., Spiegelman, D., Li, R., Wong, J. B., Feskanich, D., and Willett, W. C. Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Bone Miner Res 2011;26(4):833-839. View abstract.

Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Willett, W. C., Wong, J. B., Stuck, A. E., Staehelin, H. B., Orav, E. J., Thoma, A., Kiel, D. P., and Henschkowski, J. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern.Med. 3-23-2009;169(6):551-561. View abstract.

Black-Sandler, R., LaPorte, R. E., Sashin, D., Kuller, L. H., Sternglass, E., Cauley, J. A., and Link, M. M. Determinants of bone mass in menopause. Prev.Med. 1982;11(3):269-280. View abstract.

Blanchard, J., Schwartz, J. A., and Byrne, D. M. Effects of agitation on size distribution of particulate matter in large-volume parenterals. J Pharm.Sci. 1977;66(7):935-938. View abstract.

Blank, R. D. and Bockman, R. S. A review of clinical trials of therapies for osteoporosis using fracture as an end point. J Clin Densitom. 1999;2(4):435-452. View abstract.

Bleyer, A. J., Burke, S. K., Dillon, M., Garrett, B., Kant, K. S., Lynch, D., Rahman, S. N., Schoenfeld, P., Teitelbaum, I., Zeig, S., and Slatopolsky, E. A comparison of the calcium-free phosphate binder sevelamer hydrochloride with calcium acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33(4):694-701. View abstract.

Block, G. A., Raggi, P., Bellasi, A., Kooienga, L., and Spiegel, D. M. Mortality effect of coronary calcification and phosphate binder choice in incident hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2007;71(5):438-441. View abstract.

Block, G. A., Spiegel, D. M., Ehrlich, J., Mehta, R., Lindbergh, J., Dreisbach, A., and Raggi, P. Effects of sevelamer and calcium on coronary artery calcification in patients new to hemodialysis. Kidney Int 2005;68(4):1815-1824. View abstract.

Bloomfield, R. L., Young, L. D., Zurek, G., Felts, J. H., and Straw, M. K. Effects of oral calcium carbonate on blood pressure in subjects with mildly elevated arterial pressure. J Hypertens Suppl 1986;4(5):S351-S354. View abstract.

Boath, E., Bradley, E., and Henshaw, C. The prevention of postnatal depression: a narrative systematic review. J Psychosom.Obstet Gynaecol 2005;26(3):185-192. View abstract.

Bohning, W., Ringe, J. D., Welzel, D., and Bode, V. [Intranasal salmon calcitonin for the prophylaxis of bone mineral loss in steroid-treated chronic obstructive lung diseases ]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1990;40(9):1000-1003. View abstract.

Bolton-Smith, C., McMurdo, M. E., Paterson, C. R., Mole, P. A., Harvey, J. M., Fenton, S. T., Prynne, C. J., Mishra, G. D., and Shearer, M. J. Two-year randomized controlled trial of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin D3 plus calcium on the bone health of older women. J.Bone Miner.Res. 2007;22(4):509-519. View abstract.

Bonjour JP, Carrie AL, Clavien H, and et al. Calcium-fortified aliments selectively increase radial and femoral bone mass in prepubertal girls: a double-blind randomized trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 1995;10S(S152)

Bonjour, J. P., Carrie, A. L., Ferrari, S., Clavien, H., Slosman, D., Theintz, G., and Rizzoli, R. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Invest 3-15-1997;99(6):1287-1294. View abstract.

Bonnick, S., Broy, S., Kaiser, F., Teutsch, C., Rosenberg, E., DeLucca, P., and Melton, M. Treatment with alendronate plus calcium, alendronate alone, or calcium alone for postmenopausal low bone mineral density. Curr Med.Res Opin. 2007;23(6):1341-1349. View abstract.

Boon, N., Koppes, L. L., Saris, W. H., and Van, Mechelen W. The relation between calcium intake and body composition in a Dutch population: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Am.J Epidemiol. 7-1-2005;162(1):27-32. View abstract.

Borrego, J., Perez del, Barrio P., Serrano, P., Garcia Cortes, M. J., Sanchez Perales, M. C., Borrego, F. J., Liebana, A., Gil Cunquero, J. M., and Perez, Banasco, V. [A comparison of phosphorus-chelating effect of calcium carbonate versus calcium acetate before dialysis]. Nefrologia. 2000;20(4):348-354. View abstract.

Bostick, R. M., Fosdick, L., Grandits, G. A., Grambsch, P., Gross, M., and Louis, T. A. Effect of calcium supplementation on serum cholesterol and blood pressure. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Arch Fam.Med. 2000;9(1):31-38. View abstract.

Bostick, R. M., Kushi, L. H., Wu, Y., Meyer, K. A., Sellers, T. A., and Folsom, A. R. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to ischemic heart disease mortality among postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 1-15-1999;149(2):151-161. View abstract.

Bostick, R. M., Potter, J. D., Sellers, T. A., McKenzie, D. R., Kushi, L. H., and Folsom, A. R. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to incidence of colon cancer among older women. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 6-15-1993;137(12):1302-1317. View abstract.

Boutron, M. C., Faivre, J., Marteau, P., Couillault, C., Senesse, P., and Quipourt, V. Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case--control study. Br.J Cancer 1996;74(1):145-151. View abstract.

Boutsen, Y., Jamart, J., Esselinckx, W., Stoffel, M., and Devogelaer, J. P. Primary prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with intermittent intravenous pamidronate: a randomized trial. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61(4):266-271. View abstract.

Bowen, J., Noakes, M., and Clifton, P. M. A high dairy protein, high-calcium diet minimizes bone turnover in overweight adults during weight loss. J Nutr. 2004;134(3):568-573. View abstract.

Brandis, S. A collaborative occupational therapy and nursing approach to falls prevention in hospital inpatients. J Qual.Clin Pract. 1999;19(4):215-220. View abstract.

Brazier M, Kamel S, Lorget F, and et al. Biological effects of supplementation with vitamin D and calcium in postmenopausal women with low bone mass receiving alendronate. Clinical Drug Investigation 2002;22:849-57.

Brazier, M., Grados, F., Kamel, S., Mathieu, M., Morel, A., Maamer, M., Sebert, J. L., and Fardellone, P. Clinical and laboratory safety of one year's use of a combination calcium + vitamin D tablet in ambulatory elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther 2005;27(12):1885-1893. View abstract.

Bro, S., Rasmussen, R. A., Handberg, J., Olgaard, K., and Feldt-Rasmussen, B. Randomized crossover study comparing the phosphate-binding efficacy of calcium ketoglutarate versus calcium carbonate in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1998;31(2):257-262. View abstract.

Bronner, F., Salle, B. L., Putet, G., Rigo, J., and Senterre, J. Net calcium absorption in premature infants: results of 103 metabolic balance studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56(6):1037-1044. View abstract.

Brown SA, Aris RM, Leigh MW, and et al. Baseline BMD status in children and young adults with CF: calcitriol intervention study [abstract]. Pediatric Pulmonology 2005;40(28):354.

Brunner, R. L., Cochrane, B., Jackson, R. D., Larson, J., Lewis, C., Limacher, M., Rosal, M., Shumaker, S., and Wallace, R. Calcium, vitamin D supplementation, and physical function in the Women's Health Initiative. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(9):1472-1479. View abstract.

Bucher, H. C., Guyatt, G. H., Cook, R. J., Hatala, R., Cook, D. J., Lang, J. D., and Hunt, D. Effect of calcium supplementation on pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 4-10-1996;275(14):1113-1117. View abstract.

Bucur, I. J. and Obasi, O. E. Spider bite envenomation in Al Baha Region, Saudi Arabia. Ann.Saudi.Med 1999;19(1):15-19. View abstract.

Buell, J. S., Scott, T. M., Dawson-Hughes, B., Dallal, G. E., Rosenberg, I. H., Folstein, M. F., and Tucker, K. L. Vitamin D is associated with cognitive function in elders receiving home health services. J Gerontol A Biol.Sci.Med.Sci. 2009;64(8):888-895. View abstract.

Bueno, M. B., Cesar, C. L., Martini, L. A., and Fisberg, R. M. Dietary calcium intake and overweight: an epidemiologic view. Nutrition 2008;24(11-12):1110-1115. View abstract.

Bunout, D., Barrera, G., Leiva, L., Gattas, V., de la Maza, M. P., Avendano, M., and Hirsch, S. Effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise training on physical performance in Chilean vitamin D deficient elderly subjects. Exp.Gerontol 2006;41(8):746-752. View abstract.

Burleigh, E., McColl, J., and Potter, J. Does vitamin D stop inpatients falling? A randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2007;36(5):507-513. View abstract.

Burnett, J. W., Calton, G. J., and Morgan, R. J. Latrodectism: black widow spider bites. Cutis 1985;36(2):121. View abstract.

Cadogan, J., Eastell, R., Jones, N., and Barker, M. E. Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: randomised, controlled intervention trial. BMJ 11-15-1997;315(7118):1255-1260. View abstract.

Cameron, I. D., Venman, J., Kurrle, S. E., Lockwood, K., Birks, C., Cumming, R. G., Quine, S., and Bashford, G. Hip protectors in aged-care facilities: a randomized trial of use by individual higher-risk residents. Age Ageing 2001;30(6):477-481. View abstract.

Cameron, M. A., Paton, L. M., Nowson, C. A., Margerison, C., Frame, M., and Wark, J. D. The effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in premenarcheal females: a co-twin approach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(10):4916-4922. View abstract.

Campbell, I. A., Douglas, J. G., Francis, R. M., Prescott, R. J., and Reid, D. M. Five year study of etidronate and/or calcium as prevention and treatment for osteoporosis and fractures in patients with asthma receiving long term oral and/or inhaled glucocorticoids. Thorax 2004;59(9):761-768. View abstract.

Campodarve I, Drinkwater BL, Insogna KL, and et al. Intranasal calcitonin 50-200 IU does not prevent bone loss in early postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res. 1994;9:S391.

Caniggia, A., Delling, G., Nuti, R., Lore, F., and Vattimo, A. Clinical, biochemical and histological results of a double-blind trial with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, estradiol and placebo in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Acta Vitaminol.Enzymol. 1984;6(2):117-128. View abstract.

Cao, J. J. and Nielsen, F. H. Acid diet (high-meat protein) effects on calcium metabolism and bone health. Curr Opin.Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010;13(6):698-702. View abstract.

Capezuti, E., Evans, L., Strumpf, N., and Maislin, G. Physical restraint use and falls in nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44(6):627-633. View abstract.

Cappuccio, F. P., Elliott, P., Allender, P. S., Pryer, J., Follman, D. A., and Cutler, J. A. Epidemiologic association between dietary calcium intake and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of published data. Am J Epidemiol. 11-1-1995;142(9):935-945. View abstract.

Cappuccio, F. P., Markandu, N. D., Beynon, G. W., Shore, A. C., and MacGregor, G. A. Effect of increasing calcium intake on urinary sodium excretion in normotensive subjects. Clin Sci.(Lond) 1986;71(4):453-456. View abstract.

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