Sept. 25, 2024 – Nearly one-third of U.S. adults may have low iron levels that can add to problems ranging from fatigue to heart failure.
Researchers in a new study estimated that 7% of U.S. adults have anemia, a blood disorder that can be iron-related and is particularly well-known in part due to screenings given during pregnancy. But more striking was the finding in this latest study that a significant portion of the population may have less severe iron deficiencies that have been linked to serious health problems.
The body gets iron from food, and it can store iron for times when there isn’t enough it can access right away. The research team looked at test results that show whether people have enough iron stored, as well as whether their bodies could effectively use available iron. If you don't have enough iron stored, you have a condition called absolute iron deficiency. And if you have stored iron but problems using it, you have what's called functional iron deficiency. The study found that an estimated 14% of adults have absolute iron deficiency, and another 15% have functional iron deficiency.
The findings, published this week in JAMA Network Open, are based on data from more than 8,000 people who had laboratory iron levels on file as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that was done from 2017 to 2020.
Besides anemia, iron deficiency is linked to other serious health problems, including restless legs syndrome, mental and thinking difficulties, reduced physical abilities, and heart failure, the authors noted. The effects of iron deficiency can significantly impact a person’s quality of life.
Routine bloodwork as part of an annual physical doesn’t typically include a check of iron levels unless there is a cause for concern. The out-of-pocket cost without using insurance for a blood test to check iron levels is typically around $60.
“This is a common yet underappreciated public health problem,” study author Leo Buckley, PharmD, MPH, a clinical pharmacology specialist at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, told NBC News. “What’s unique about our study is we were looking at regular people who would not otherwise have been screened or tested.”
Treatment for low iron levels can include changes to your diet, as well as IV or oral supplements. Taking an iron supplement should be done under the guidance of a health care provider due to the risk of iron toxicity.