Feron, G., Mauvais, G., Martin, F., Semon, E., and Blin-Perrin, C. Microbial production of 4-hydroxybenzylidene acetone, the direct precursor of raspberry ketone. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2007;45(1):29-35. View abstract.
Jeong, J. B. and Jeong, H. J. Rheosmin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound inhibits LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells by blocking NF-kappaB activation pathway. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2010;48(8-9):2148-2153. View abstract.
Koeduka, T., Watanabe, B., Suzuki, S., Hiratake, J., Mano, J., and Yazaki, K. Characterization of raspberry ketone/zingerone synthase, catalyzing the alpha, beta-hydrogenation of phenylbutenones in raspberry fruits. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 8-19-2011;412(1):104-108. View abstract.
Lin, C. H., Ding, H. Y., Kuo, S. Y., Chin, L. W., Wu, J. Y., and Chang, T. S. Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Depigmenting Activity of Raspberry Ketone from Rheum officinale. Int.J Mol.Sci. 2011;12(8):4819-4835. View abstract.
Sporstol, S. and Scheline, R. R. The metabolism of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (raspberry ketone) in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. Xenobiotica 1982;12(4):249-257. View abstract.
Ushiki, M., Ikemoto, T., and Sato, Y. Anti-obese activities of raspberry ketone. Aroma Research 2002;3(4):361.
Park KS. Raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta Med 2010;76:1654-8. View abstract.
Adverse Event Report. Raspberry Ketone. Natural MedWatch, April 27, 2012.
Adverse Event Report. Raspberry Ketone. Natural MedWatch, September 18, 2011.
Beekwilder J, van der Meer IM, Sibbesen O, et al. Microbial production of natural raspberry ketone. Biotechnol J 2007;2:1270-9. View abstract.
Harada N, Okajima K, Narimatsu N, et al. Effect of topical application of raspberry ketone on dermal production of insulin-like growth factor-I in mice and on hair growth and skin elasticity in humans. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008;18:335-44. View abstract.
Lopez, H. L., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Hofheins, J. E., Habowski, S. M., Arent, S. M., Weir, J. P., and Ferrando, A. A. Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013;10(1):22. View abstract.
Morimoto C, Satoh Y, Hara M, et al. Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone. Life Sci 2005;77:194-204. . View abstract.
Ogawa Y, Akamatsu M, Hotta Y, et al. Effect of essential oils, such as raspberry ketone and its derivatives, on antiandrogenic activity based on in vitro reporter gene assay.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010;20:2111-4. View abstract.
Ushiki M, Ikemoto T, Sato Y. Anti-obese activities of raspberry ketone. Aroma Research 2002;3:361.
Wang L, Meng X, Zhang F. Raspberry ketone protects rats fed high-fat diets against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Med Food 2012;15:495-503. View abstract.
Feron, G., Mauvais, G., Martin, F., Semon, E., and Blin-Perrin, C. Microbial production of 4-hydroxybenzylidene acetone, the direct precursor of raspberry ketone. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2007;45(1):29-35. View abstract.
Garcia, C. V., Quek, S. Y., Stevenson, R. J., and Winz, R. A. Characterization of the bound volatile extract from baby kiwi (Actinidia arguta). J Agric.Food Chem. 8-10-2011;59(15):8358-8365. View abstract.
Jeong, J. B. and Jeong, H. J. Rheosmin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound inhibits LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW264.7 cells by blocking NF-kappaB activation pathway. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2010;48(8-9):2148-2153. View abstract.
Koeduka, T., Watanabe, B., Suzuki, S., Hiratake, J., Mano, J., and Yazaki, K. Characterization of raspberry ketone/zingerone synthase, catalyzing the alpha, beta-hydrogenation of phenylbutenones in raspberry fruits. Biochem.Biophys.Res Commun. 8-19-2011;412(1):104-108. View abstract.
Lin, C. H., Ding, H. Y., Kuo, S. Y., Chin, L. W., Wu, J. Y., and Chang, T. S. Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Depigmenting Activity of Raspberry Ketone from Rheum officinale. Int.J Mol.Sci. 2011;12(8):4819-4835. View abstract.
Sporstol, S. and Scheline, R. R. The metabolism of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (raspberry ketone) in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. Xenobiotica 1982;12(4):249-257. View abstract.
Ushiki, M., Ikemoto, T., and Sato, Y. Anti-obese activities of raspberry ketone. Aroma Research 2002;3(4):361.
Park KS. Raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta Med 2010;76:1654-8. View abstract.
Abdelraheem KM, Younis NN, Shaheen MA, Elswefy SE, Ali SI. Raspberry ketone improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced in rats by modulating sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate and toll-like receptor 4 pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2023;75(7):985-994. View abstract.
Adverse Event Report. Raspberry Ketone. Natural MedWatch, April 27, 2012.
Adverse Event Report. Raspberry Ketone. Natural MedWatch, September 18, 2011.
Ansari SA, Patel F, Ashouri D, Dhaliwal JSS, Desai A. Resistant Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient Taking Raspberry Ketones Weight Loss Supplement. Cureus 2022;14(12):e33089. View abstract.
Beekwilder J, van der Meer IM, Sibbesen O, et al. Microbial production of natural raspberry ketone. Biotechnol J 2007;2:1270-9. View abstract.
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 172: food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption. Available at:
https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=59189f37d05de4dda57b07856d8d56f8&mc=true&node=pt21.3.172&rgn=div5#se21.3.172_1515
Harada N, Okajima K, Narimatsu N, et al. Effect of topical application of raspberry ketone on dermal production of insulin-like growth factor-I in mice and on hair growth and skin elasticity in humans. Growth Horm IGF Res 2008;18:335-44. View abstract.
Khattar A, Beeton I. Coronary vasospasm and raspberry ketones weight-loss supplement: Is there a connection? Anatol J Cardiol. 2020;24(3):205-208. View abstract.
Kshatriya D, Li X, Giunta GM, et al. Phenolic-enriched raspberry fruit extract (Rubus idaeus) resulted in lower weight gain, increased ambulatory activity, and elevated hepatic lipoprotein lipase and heme oxygenase-1 expression in male mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res 2019;68:19-33. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.05.005. View abstract.
Li X, Wang Y, Yu C, et al. The signatures of liver metabolomics and gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice supplemented with rhododendrol. Food Funct 2022;13(24):13052-13063. View abstract.
Lopez, H. L., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Hofheins, J. E., Habowski, S. M., Arent, S. M., Weir, J. P., and Ferrando, A. A. Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013;10(1):22. View abstract.
Mir TM, Ma G, Ali Z, Khan IA, Ashfaq MK. Effect of Raspberry Ketone on Normal, Obese and Health-Compromised Obese Mice: A Preliminary Study. J Diet Suppl 2019 Oct 11:1-16. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1674996. [Epub ahead of print]. View abstract.
Morimoto C, Satoh Y, Hara M, et al. Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone. Life Sci 2005;77:194-204. . View abstract.
Ogawa Y, Akamatsu M, Hotta Y, et al. Effect of essential oils, such as raspberry ketone and its derivatives, on antiandrogenic activity based on in vitro reporter gene assay.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010;20:2111-4. View abstract.
Ushiki M, Ikemoto T, Sato Y. Anti-obese activities of raspberry ketone. Aroma Research 2002;3:361.
Wang L, Meng X, Zhang F. Raspberry ketone protects rats fed high-fat diets against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Med Food 2012;15:495-503. View abstract.