Overview
Casein protein is taken by mouth to improve athletic performance, diabetes, liver disease due to alcohol consumption, and many other conditions, but there is no good evidence to support these uses.
How does it work ?
Uses & Effectiveness ?
Possibly Ineffective for
- Infant development. Most research shows that feeding premature, low-birth weight, and healthy infants a formula containing casein protein does not increase or decrease growth compared to breast milk, whey protein-based formula, rice hydrolysate formula, cow's milk formula, or amino acid-based formula.
Insufficient Evidence for
- Liver disease in people who drink alcohol. Early research shows that administering a casein protein supplement through a feeding tube for 28 days improves mental status in patients who have liver disease from alcohol consumption. Other early research shows that taking a casein-based formula daily for one year lowers the risk for hospitalization and infection in these patients. But casein protein does not seem to reduce the risk of death.
- Athletic performance. Some early research shows that taking casein protein before or after exercise improves strength and athletic performance. But not all research agrees. Some research also shows that casein protein works just as well as whey protein or creatine for improving athletic performance. But other research shows that whey protein is better than casein protein.
- Cirrhosis. Early research shows that drinking a casein protein supplement for 4-6 days improves mental status in people with cirrhosis.
- A lung disease that makes it harder to breathe (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD). People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often lose muscle function over time. Some studies show that taking casein protein along with exercise builds muscle. But early research shows that taking casein protein daily for 8 weeks does not improve lung or muscle function in people with COPD.
- Diabetes. Limited research suggests that taking casein protein with food might increase insulin, but not blood sugar levels, in people with diabetes.
- Diarrhea. Early research in infants with the stomach flu shows that using a formula containing casein protein, instead of cow's milk, reduces diarrhea.
- Muscle soreness after exercise. Early research in strength training athletes shows that taking a specific protein supplement containing casein protein and other ingredients before and after exercise does not reduce muscle soreness.
- Persistent heartburn. Early research in children with brain damage shows that a formula containing casein protein doesn't work as well as whey protein formula for reducing symptoms of heartburn. But casein protein and whey protein seem to have similar effects in infants with heartburn.
- Reduced brain function in people with advanced liver disease (hepatic encephalopathy). Early research shows that taking casein protein for 3 months does not improve mental function in people with chronic liver disease.
- Swelling (inflammation) of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus (hepatitis C). Early research shows that taking casein protein daily for 12 weeks improves quality of life in people with hepatitis C infection.
- High levels of cholesterol or other fats (lipids) in the blood (hyperlipidemia). Most research shows that casein protein does not improve "good" or "bad" cholesterol levels in people with normal cholesterol or in people with high cholesterol. But some small studies show that it might improve these levels in some people. Also, eating casein protein seems to lower the levels of a certain type of cholesterol called lipoprotein(a).
- High blood pressure. The effect of casein protein on blood pressure is unclear. Some research shows that it can reduce systolic blood pressure (the top number), while other research shows that it can reduce diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number).
- Obesity. Most research shows that taking casein protein does not reduce body weight or appetite in people who are overweight or obese. But some early research shows that having a liquid snack containing casein protein reduces hunger in overweight patients. Also, early research shows that taking casein protein for 12 weeks prevents weight gain in obese people who have already lost weight. In overweight children, early research shows that drinking a milk drink containing casein protein daily for 12 weeks instead of water increases body weight.
- Other conditions.
Side Effects
Special Precautions and Warnings
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if casein protein is safe to use in amounts greater than those found in foods when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.
Infants and children: Casein protein is POSSIBLY SAFE for children and infants when taken by mouth. Most infants receiving casein protein formulas do not experience side effects.
Milk allergy: People with milk allergy can be allergic to the proteins contained in milk such as casein protein. If you have a milk allergy, it's best to avoid taking casein protein.
Interactions ?
We currently have no information for CASEIN PROTEIN overview.
Dosing
Abou-Samra, R., Keersmaekers, L., Brienza, D., Mukherjee, R., and Mace, K. Effect of different protein sources on satiation and short-term satiety when consumed as a starter. Nutr J 2011;10:139. View abstract.
Abou-Samra, R., Keersmaekers, L., Brienza, D., Mukherjee, R., and Mace, K. Effect of different protein sources on satiation and short-term satiety when consumed as a starter. Nutr J 2011;10:139. View abstract.
Acheson, K. J., Blondel-Lubrano, A., Oguey-Araymon, S., Beaumont, M., Emady-Azar, S., Ammon-Zufferey, C., Monnard, I., Pinaud, S., Nielsen-Moennoz, C., and Bovetto, L. Protein choices targeting thermogenesis and metabolism. Am J Clin.Nutr 2011;93(3):525-534. View abstract.
Acheson, K. J., Blondel-Lubrano, A., Oguey-Araymon, S., Beaumont, M., Emady-Azar, S., Ammon-Zufferey, C., Monnard, I., Pinaud, S., Nielsen-Moennoz, C., and Bovetto, L. Protein choices targeting thermogenesis and metabolism. Am J Clin.Nutr 2011;93(3):525-534. View abstract.
Alfenas, Rde C., Bressan, J., and Paiva, A. C. Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects. Arq Bras.Endocrinol Metabol. 2010;54(1):45-51. View abstract.
Alfenas, Rde C., Bressan, J., and Paiva, A. C. Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects. Arq Bras.Endocrinol Metabol. 2010;54(1):45-51. View abstract.
Ang, M., Muller, A. S., Wagenlehner, F., Pilatz, A., and Linn, T. Combining protein and carbohydrate increases postprandial insulin levels but does not improve glucose response in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2012;61(12):1696-1702. View abstract.
Ang, M., Muller, A. S., Wagenlehner, F., Pilatz, A., and Linn, T. Combining protein and carbohydrate increases postprandial insulin levels but does not improve glucose response in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2012;61(12):1696-1702. View abstract.
Arnberg, K., Molgaard, C., Michaelsen, K. F., Jensen, S. M., Trolle, E., and Larnkjaer, A. Skim milk, whey, and casein increase body weight and whey and casein increase the plasma C-peptide concentration in overweight adolescents. J Nutr 2012;142(12):2083-2090. View abstract.
Arnberg, K., Molgaard, C., Michaelsen, K. F., Jensen, S. M., Trolle, E., and Larnkjaer, A. Skim milk, whey, and casein increase body weight and whey and casein increase the plasma C-peptide concentration in overweight adolescents. J Nutr 2012;142(12):2083-2090. View abstract.
Baum, J. A., Teng, H., Erdman, J. W., Jr., Weigel, R. M., Klein, B. P., Persky, V. W., Freels, S., Surya, P., Bakhit, R. M., Ramos, E., Shay, N. F., and Potter, S. M. Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1998;68(3):545-551. View abstract.
Baum, J. A., Teng, H., Erdman, J. W., Jr., Weigel, R. M., Klein, B. P., Persky, V. W., Freels, S., Surya, P., Bakhit, R. M., Ramos, E., Shay, N. F., and Potter, S. M. Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low-density-lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1998;68(3):545-551. View abstract.
Boirie, Y., Dangin, M., Gachon, P., Vasson, M. P., Maubois, J. L., and Beaufrere, B. Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 12-23-1997;94(26):14930-14935. View abstract.
Boirie, Y., Dangin, M., Gachon, P., Vasson, M. P., Maubois, J. L., and Beaufrere, B. Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl.Acad.Sci U.S.A 12-23-1997;94(26):14930-14935. View abstract.
Brun, A. C., Stordal, K., Johannesdottir, G. B., Bentsen, B. S., and Medhus, A. W. The effect of protein composition in liquid meals on gastric emptying rate in children with cerebral palsy. Clin.Nutr 2012;31(1):108-112. View abstract.
Brun, A. C., Stordal, K., Johannesdottir, G. B., Bentsen, B. S., and Medhus, A. W. The effect of protein composition in liquid meals on gastric emptying rate in children with cerebral palsy. Clin.Nutr 2012;31(1):108-112. View abstract.
Burd, N. A., Yang, Y., Moore, D. R., Tang, J. E., Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Phillips, S. M. Greater stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with ingestion of whey protein isolate v. micellar casein at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men. Br.J Nutr 9-28-2012;108(6):958-962. View abstract.
Burd, N. A., Yang, Y., Moore, D. R., Tang, J. E., Tarnopolsky, M. A., and Phillips, S. M. Greater stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with ingestion of whey protein isolate v. micellar casein at rest and after resistance exercise in elderly men. Br.J Nutr 9-28-2012;108(6):958-962. View abstract.
Cepero, M. Influence of ingesting casein protein and whey carbohydrate beverages on recovery and performance of an endurance cycling test. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise 2010;5(2):158.
Cepero, M. Influence of ingesting casein protein and whey carbohydrate beverages on recovery and performance of an endurance cycling test. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise 2010;5(2):158.
Claessens, M., van Baak, M. A., Monsheimer, S., and Saris, W. H. The effect of a low-fat, high-protein or high-carbohydrate ad libitum diet on weight loss maintenance and metabolic risk factors. Int J Obes.(Lond) 2009;33(3):296-304. View abstract.
Claessens, M., van Baak, M. A., Monsheimer, S., and Saris, W. H. The effect of a low-fat, high-protein or high-carbohydrate ad libitum diet on weight loss maintenance and metabolic risk factors. Int J Obes.(Lond) 2009;33(3):296-304. View abstract.
Cuevas, A. M., Irribarra, V. L., Castillo, O. A., Yanez, M. D., and Germain, A. M. Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2003;57(8):889-894. View abstract.
Cuevas, A. M., Irribarra, V. L., Castillo, O. A., Yanez, M. D., and Germain, A. M. Isolated soy protein improves endothelial function in postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2003;57(8):889-894. View abstract.
Dalais, F. S., Ebeling, P. R., Kotsopoulos, D., McGrath, B. P., and Teede, H. J. The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2003;58(6):704-709. View abstract.
Dalais, F. S., Ebeling, P. R., Kotsopoulos, D., McGrath, B. P., and Teede, H. J. The effects of soy protein containing isoflavones on lipids and indices of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol.(Oxf) 2003;58(6):704-709. View abstract.
Dideriksen, K. J., Reitelseder, S., Petersen, S. G., Hjort, M., Helmark, I. C., Kjaer, M., and Holm, L. Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by whey and caseinate ingestion after resistance exercise in elderly individuals. Scand.J Med.Sci Sports 2011;21(6):e372-e383. View abstract.
Dideriksen, K. J., Reitelseder, S., Petersen, S. G., Hjort, M., Helmark, I. C., Kjaer, M., and Holm, L. Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by whey and caseinate ingestion after resistance exercise in elderly individuals. Scand.J Med.Sci Sports 2011;21(6):e372-e383. View abstract.
Gooderham, M. H., Adlercreutz, H., Ojala, S. T., Wahala, K., and Holub, B. J. A soy protein isolate rich in genistein and daidzein and its effects on plasma isoflavone concentrations, platelet aggregation, blood lipids and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid in normal men. J.Nutr. 1996;126(8):2000-2006. View abstract.
Gooderham, M. H., Adlercreutz, H., Ojala, S. T., Wahala, K., and Holub, B. J. A soy protein isolate rich in genistein and daidzein and its effects on plasma isoflavone concentrations, platelet aggregation, blood lipids and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipid in normal men. J.Nutr. 1996;126(8):2000-2006. View abstract.
Hall, W. L., Millward, D. J., Long, S. J., and Morgan, L. M. Casein and whey exert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite. Br J Nutr 2003;89(2):239-248. View abstract.
Hall, W. L., Millward, D. J., Long, S. J., and Morgan, L. M. Casein and whey exert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite. Br J Nutr 2003;89(2):239-248. View abstract.
Hermansen, K., Hansen, B., Jacobsen, R., Clausen, P., Dalgaard, M., Dinesen, B., Holst, J. J., Pedersen, E., and Astrup, A. Effects of soy supplementation on blood lipids and arterial function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2005;59(7):843-850. View abstract.
Hermansen, K., Hansen, B., Jacobsen, R., Clausen, P., Dalgaard, M., Dinesen, B., Holst, J. J., Pedersen, E., and Astrup, A. Effects of soy supplementation on blood lipids and arterial function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 2005;59(7):843-850. View abstract.
Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Tranchina, C. P., Rashti, S. L., Kang, J., and Faigenbaum, A. D. Effect of a proprietary protein supplement on recovery indices following resistance exercise in strength/power athletes. Amino.Acids 2010;38(3):771-778. View abstract.
Hoffman, J. R., Ratamess, N. A., Tranchina, C. P., Rashti, S. L., Kang, J., and Faigenbaum, A. D. Effect of a proprietary protein supplement on recovery indices following resistance exercise in strength/power athletes. Amino.Acids 2010;38(3):771-778. View abstract.
Khoshoo, V., Zembo, M., King, A., Dhar, M., Reifen, R., and Pencharz, P. Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux with whey- and casein-based formulas in infants and in children with severe neurological impairment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr 1996;22(1):48-55. View abstract.
Khoshoo, V., Zembo, M., King, A., Dhar, M., Reifen, R., and Pencharz, P. Incidence of gastroesophageal reflux with whey- and casein-based formulas in infants and in children with severe neurological impairment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol.Nutr 1996;22(1):48-55. View abstract.
Laviolette, L., Lands, L. C., Dauletbaev, N., Saey, D., Milot, J., Provencher, S., LeBlanc, P., and Maltais, F. Combined effect of dietary supplementation with pressurized whey and exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. J Med Food 2010;13(3):589-598. View abstract.
Laviolette, L., Lands, L. C., Dauletbaev, N., Saey, D., Milot, J., Provencher, S., LeBlanc, P., and Maltais, F. Combined effect of dietary supplementation with pressurized whey and exercise training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study. J Med Food 2010;13(3):589-598. View abstract.
Lorenzen, J., Frederiksen, R., Hoppe, C., Hvid, R., and Astrup, A. The effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesis. Eur.J Clin.Nutr 2012;66(5):622-627. View abstract.
Lorenzen, J., Frederiksen, R., Hoppe, C., Hvid, R., and Astrup, A. The effect of milk proteins on appetite regulation and diet-induced thermogenesis. Eur.J Clin.Nutr 2012;66(5):622-627. View abstract.
Meinertz, H., Nilausen, K., and Faergeman, O. Soy protein and casein in cholesterol-enriched diets: effects on plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50(4):786-793. View abstract.
Meinertz, H., Nilausen, K., and Faergeman, O. Soy protein and casein in cholesterol-enriched diets: effects on plasma lipoproteins in normolipidemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50(4):786-793. View abstract.
Meinertz, H., Nilausen, K., and Hilden, J. Alcohol-extracted, but not intact, dietary soy protein lowers lipoprotein(a) markedly. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2-1-2002;22(2):312-316. View abstract.
Meinertz, H., Nilausen, K., and Hilden, J. Alcohol-extracted, but not intact, dietary soy protein lowers lipoprotein(a) markedly. Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol. 2-1-2002;22(2):312-316. View abstract.
Nilausen, K. and Meinertz, H. Lipoprotein(a) and dietary proteins: casein lowers lipoprotein(a) concentrations as compared with soy protein. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1999;69(3):419-425. View abstract.
Nilausen, K. and Meinertz, H. Lipoprotein(a) and dietary proteins: casein lowers lipoprotein(a) concentrations as compared with soy protein. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1999;69(3):419-425. View abstract.
Pal, S. and Ellis, V. The chronic effects of whey proteins on blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammatory markers in overweight individuals. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2010;18(7):1354-1359. View abstract.
Pal, S. and Ellis, V. The chronic effects of whey proteins on blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammatory markers in overweight individuals. Obesity.(Silver.Spring) 2010;18(7):1354-1359. View abstract.
Pal, S., Ellis, V., and Dhaliwal, S. Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2010;104(5):716-723. View abstract.
Pal, S., Ellis, V., and Dhaliwal, S. Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2010;104(5):716-723. View abstract.
Pennings, B., Boirie, Y., Senden, J. M., Gijsen, A. P., Kuipers, H., and van Loon, L. J. Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin.Nutr 2011;93(5):997-1005. View abstract.
Pennings, B., Boirie, Y., Senden, J. M., Gijsen, A. P., Kuipers, H., and van Loon, L. J. Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin.Nutr 2011;93(5):997-1005. View abstract.
Reidy, P. T., Walker, D. K., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Fry, C. S., Borack, M. S., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., Jennings, K., Volpi, E., and Rasmussen, B. B. Protein blend ingestion following resistance exercise promotes human muscle protein synthesis. J Nutr 2013;143(4):410-416. View abstract.
Reidy, P. T., Walker, D. K., Dickinson, J. M., Gundermann, D. M., Drummond, M. J., Timmerman, K. L., Fry, C. S., Borack, M. S., Cope, M. B., Mukherjea, R., Jennings, K., Volpi, E., and Rasmussen, B. B. Protein blend ingestion following resistance exercise promotes human muscle protein synthesis. J Nutr 2013;143(4):410-416. View abstract.
Reitelseder, S., Agergaard, J., Doessing, S., Helmark, I. C., Lund, P., Kristensen, N. B., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Schjerling, P., van, Hall G., Kjaer, M., and Holm, L. Whey and casein labeled with L-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2011;300(1):E231-E242. View abstract.
Reitelseder, S., Agergaard, J., Doessing, S., Helmark, I. C., Lund, P., Kristensen, N. B., Frystyk, J., Flyvbjerg, A., Schjerling, P., van, Hall G., Kjaer, M., and Holm, L. Whey and casein labeled with L-[1-13C]leucine and muscle protein synthesis: effect of resistance exercise and protein ingestion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol.Metab 2011;300(1):E231-E242. View abstract.
Savage, K., Kritas, S., Schwarzer, A., Davidson, G., and Omari, T. Whey- vs casein-based enteral formula and gastrointestinal function in children with cerebral palsy. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 2012;36(1 Suppl):118S-123S. View abstract.
Savage, K., Kritas, S., Schwarzer, A., Davidson, G., and Omari, T. Whey- vs casein-based enteral formula and gastrointestinal function in children with cerebral palsy. JPEN J Parenter.Enteral Nutr 2012;36(1 Suppl):118S-123S. View abstract.
Tipton, K. D., Elliott, T. A., Cree, M. G., Wolf, S. E., Sanford, A. P., and Wolfe, R. R. Ingestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(12):2073-2081. View abstract.
Tipton, K. D., Elliott, T. A., Cree, M. G., Wolf, S. E., Sanford, A. P., and Wolfe, R. R. Ingestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(12):2073-2081. View abstract.
van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., Hautvast, J. G., and Hermus, R. J. Effects of casein versus soy protein diets on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in young healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(7):1261-1271. View abstract.
van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., Hautvast, J. G., and Hermus, R. J. Effects of casein versus soy protein diets on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in young healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(7):1261-1271. View abstract.
van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., West, C. E., and Hautvast, J. G. Influence of diets containing casein, soy isolate, and soy concentrate on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in middle-aged volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35(5):925-934. View abstract.
van Raaij, J. M., Katan, M. B., West, C. E., and Hautvast, J. G. Influence of diets containing casein, soy isolate, and soy concentrate on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins in middle-aged volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35(5):925-934. View abstract.
Veldhorst, M. A., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., van Vught, A. J., Westerterp, K. R., Engelen, M. P., Brummer, R. J., Deutz, N. E., and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. Dose-dependent satiating effect of whey relative to casein or soy. Physiol Behav 3-23-2009;96(4-5):675-682. View abstract.
Veldhorst, M. A., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., van Vught, A. J., Westerterp, K. R., Engelen, M. P., Brummer, R. J., Deutz, N. E., and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. Dose-dependent satiating effect of whey relative to casein or soy. Physiol Behav 3-23-2009;96(4-5):675-682. View abstract.
Willoughby, D. S., Stout, J. R., and Wilborn, C. D. Effects of resistance training and protein plus amino acid supplementation on muscle anabolism, mass, and strength. Amino.Acids 2007;32(4):467-477. View abstract.
Willoughby, D. S., Stout, J. R., and Wilborn, C. D. Effects of resistance training and protein plus amino acid supplementation on muscle anabolism, mass, and strength. Amino.Acids 2007;32(4):467-477. View abstract.
Anderson JW, Fuller J, Patterson K, et al. Soy compared to casein meal replacement shakes with energy-restricted diets for obese women: randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2007;56(2):280-8. View abstract.
Anderson JW, Fuller J, Patterson K, et al. Soy compared to casein meal replacement shakes with energy-restricted diets for obese women: randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2007;56(2):280-8. View abstract.
Bendtsen LQ, Lorenzen JK, Gomes S, et al. Effects of hydrolysed casein, intact casein and intact whey protein on energy expenditure and appetite regulation: a randomised, controlled, cross-over stuy. Br J Nutr 2014;112(8):1412-22. View abstract.
Bendtsen LQ, Lorenzen JK, Gomes S, et al. Effects of hydrolysed casein, intact casein and intact whey protein on energy expenditure and appetite regulation: a randomised, controlled, cross-over stuy. Br J Nutr 2014;112(8):1412-22. View abstract.
Bernbaum JC, Sasanow SR, Churella HR, Daft A. Growth and metabolic response of premature infants fed whey- or casein-dominant formulas after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 1989;115(4):652-6. View abstract.
Bernbaum JC, Sasanow SR, Churella HR, Daft A. Growth and metabolic response of premature infants fed whey- or casein-dominant formulas after hospital discharge. J Pediatr 1989;115(4):652-6. View abstract.
Boulhosa RS, Oliveira LP, Jesus RP, et al. The impact of nutritional supplementation on quality of life in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013;26 Suppl 1:7-15. View abstract.
Boulhosa RS, Oliveira LP, Jesus RP, et al. The impact of nutritional supplementation on quality of life in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013;26 Suppl 1:7-15. View abstract.
Burk A, Timpmann S, Medijainen L, et al. Time-divided ingestion pattern of casein-based protein supplement stimulates an increase in fat-free body mass during resistance training in young untrained men. Nutr Res 2009;29(6):405-13. View abstract.
Burk A, Timpmann S, Medijainen L, et al. Time-divided ingestion pattern of casein-based protein supplement stimulates an increase in fat-free body mass during resistance training in young untrained men. Nutr Res 2009;29(6):405-13. View abstract.
Chen L, Xu R, McDonald JD, Bruno RS, Choueiry F, Zhu J. Dairy Milk Casein and Whey Proteins Differentially Alter the Postprandial Lipidome in Persons with Prediabetes: A Comparative Lipidomics Study. J Agric Food Chem 2022;70(33):10209-10220. View abstract.
Chen L, Xu R, McDonald JD, Bruno RS, Choueiry F, Zhu J. Dairy Milk Casein and Whey Proteins Differentially Alter the Postprandial Lipidome in Persons with Prediabetes: A Comparative Lipidomics Study. J Agric Food Chem 2022;70(33):10209-10220. View abstract.
Christie ML, Sack DM, Pomposelli J, Horst D. Enriched branched-chain amino acid formula versus a casein-based supplement in the treatment of cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1985;9(6):671-8. View abstract.
Christie ML, Sack DM, Pomposelli J, Horst D. Enriched branched-chain amino acid formula versus a casein-based supplement in the treatment of cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1985;9(6):671-8. View abstract.
Cicero AFG, Aubin F, Azais-Braesco V, Borghi C. Do the lactotripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline reduce systolic blood pressure in European subjects? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(3):442-9. View abstract.
Cicero AFG, Aubin F, Azais-Braesco V, Borghi C. Do the lactotripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline reduce systolic blood pressure in European subjects? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(3):442-9. View abstract.
Cooper PA, Rothberg AD, Davies VA, Argent AC. Comparative growth and biochemical response of very low birthweight infants fed own mother's milk, a premature infant formula, or one of two standard formulas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985;4(5):786-94. View abstract.
Cooper PA, Rothberg AD, Davies VA, Argent AC. Comparative growth and biochemical response of very low birthweight infants fed own mother's milk, a premature infant formula, or one of two standard formulas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985;4(5):786-94. View abstract.
Cribb PJ, Wiliams AD, Carey MF, Hayes A. The effect of whey isolate and resistance training on strength, body composition, and plasma glutamine. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2006;16:494-509. View abstract.
Cribb PJ, Wiliams AD, Carey MF, Hayes A. The effect of whey isolate and resistance training on strength, body composition, and plasma glutamine. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2006;16:494-509. View abstract.
Davidsson L, Almgren A, Sandstrom B, Hurrell RF. Zinc absorption in adult humans: The effect of iron fortification. Br J Nutr 1995;74(3):417-25. View abstract.
Davidsson L, Almgren A, Sandstrom B, Hurrell RF. Zinc absorption in adult humans: The effect of iron fortification. Br J Nutr 1995;74(3):417-25. View abstract.
Devries MC, Phillips SM. Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey. J Food Sci 2015;80 Suppl 1:A8-A15. View abstract.
Devries MC, Phillips SM. Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey. J Food Sci 2015;80 Suppl 1:A8-A15. View abstract.
Dideriksen K, Reitelseder S, Holm L. Influence of amino acids, dietary protein, and physical activity on muscle mass development in humans. Nutrients 2013;5(3):852-76. View abstract.
Dideriksen K, Reitelseder S, Holm L. Influence of amino acids, dietary protein, and physical activity on muscle mass development in humans. Nutrients 2013;5(3):852-76. View abstract.
Docena GH, Fernandez R, Chirdo FG, Fossati CA. Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk. Allergy 1996;51(6):412-6. View abstract.
Docena GH, Fernandez R, Chirdo FG, Fossati CA. Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk. Allergy 1996;51(6):412-6. View abstract.
Egert S, Tereszczuk J, Wein S, et al. Simultaneous ingestion of dietary proteins reduces the bioavailability of galloylated catechins from green tea in humans. Eur J Nutr 2013;52(1):281-8. View abstract.
Egert S, Tereszczuk J, Wein S, et al. Simultaneous ingestion of dietary proteins reduces the bioavailability of galloylated catechins from green tea in humans. Eur J Nutr 2013;52(1):281-8. View abstract.
Engelen MP, Rutten EP, De Castro CL, et al. Casein protein results in higher prandial and exercise induced whole body protein anabolism than whey protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Metabolism 2012;61(9):1289-300. View abstract.
Engelen MP, Rutten EP, De Castro CL, et al. Casein protein results in higher prandial and exercise induced whole body protein anabolism than whey protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Metabolism 2012;61(9):1289-300. View abstract.
Fekete AA, Givens DA, Lovegrove JA. Casein-derived lactotripeptides reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Nutrients. 2015;7(1):659-81. View abstract.
Fekete AA, Givens DA, Lovegrove JA. Casein-derived lactotripeptides reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Nutrients. 2015;7(1):659-81. View abstract.
Figueroa A, Wong A, Kinsey A, et al. Effects of milk proteins and combined exercise training on aortic hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in young obese women with high blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2014;27(3):338-44. View abstract.
Figueroa A, Wong A, Kinsey A, et al. Effects of milk proteins and combined exercise training on aortic hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in young obese women with high blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 2014;27(3):338-44. View abstract.
Fok TF, So LY, Lee NN, et al. Late metabolic acidosis and poor weight gain in moderately pre-term babies fed with a casein-predominant formula: a continuing need for caution. Ann Trop Paediatr 1989;9(4):243-7. View abstract.
Fok TF, So LY, Lee NN, et al. Late metabolic acidosis and poor weight gain in moderately pre-term babies fed with a casein-predominant formula: a continuing need for caution. Ann Trop Paediatr 1989;9(4):243-7. View abstract.
Geerts BF, van Dongen MG, Flameling B, et al. Hydrolyzed casein decreases posprandial glucose concentrations in T2DM patients irrespective of leucine content. J Diet Suppl 2011;8(3):280-92. View abstract.
Geerts BF, van Dongen MG, Flameling B, et al. Hydrolyzed casein decreases posprandial glucose concentrations in T2DM patients irrespective of leucine content. J Diet Suppl 2011;8(3):280-92. View abstract.
Gunn TR, Stunzer D. A comparative trial of casein or whey-predominant formulae in healthy infants. N Z Med J 1986;99(813):843-6. View abstract.
Gunn TR, Stunzer D. A comparative trial of casein or whey-predominant formulae in healthy infants. N Z Med J 1986;99(813):843-6. View abstract.
Harrison GG, Graver EJ, Vargas M, et al. Growth and adiposity of term infants fed whey-predominant or casein-predominant formulas or human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1987;6(5):739-47. View abstract.
Harrison GG, Graver EJ, Vargas M, et al. Growth and adiposity of term infants fed whey-predominant or casein-predominant formulas or human milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1987;6(5):739-47. View abstract.
Hirsch S, Bunout D, de la Maza P, et al. Controlled trial on nutrition supplementation in outpatients with symptomatic alcoholic cirrhosis. JPEN Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993;17(2):119-24. View abstract.
Hirsch S, Bunout D, de la Maza P, et al. Controlled trial on nutrition supplementation in outpatients with symptomatic alcoholic cirrhosis. JPEN Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993;17(2):119-24. View abstract.
Hochstenbach-Waelen A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Veldhorst MA, Westerterp KR. Single-protein casein and gelatin diets affect energy expenditure similarly but substrate balance and appetite differently in adults. J Nutr 2009;139(12):2285-92. View abstract.
Hochstenbach-Waelen A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Veldhorst MA, Westerterp KR. Single-protein casein and gelatin diets affect energy expenditure similarly but substrate balance and appetite differently in adults. J Nutr 2009;139(12):2285-92. View abstract.
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Tranchina CP, et al. Effect of protein-supplement timing on strength, power, and body-composition changes in resistance-trained men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009;19(2):172-85. View abstract.
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Tranchina CP, et al. Effect of protein-supplement timing on strength, power, and body-composition changes in resistance-trained men. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2009;19(2):172-85. View abstract.
Holmer-Jensen J, Mortensen LS, Astrup A, et al. Acute differential effects of dietary protein quality on postprandial lipemia in obese non-diabetic subjects. Nutr Res 2013;33(1):34-40. View abstract.
Holmer-Jensen J, Mortensen LS, Astrup A, et al. Acute differential effects of dietary protein quality on postprandial lipemia in obese non-diabetic subjects. Nutr Res 2013;33(1):34-40. View abstract.
Holt C, Carver JA, Ecroyd H, Thorn DC. Invited review: caseins and the casein micelle: their biological functions, structures, and behavior in foods. J Dairy Sci 2013;96(10):6127-46. View abstract.
Holt C, Carver JA, Ecroyd H, Thorn DC. Invited review: caseins and the casein micelle: their biological functions, structures, and behavior in foods. J Dairy Sci 2013;96(10):6127-46. View abstract.
Horner K, Drummond E, O'Sullivan V, S C Sri Harsha P, Brennan L. Effects of a casein hydrolysate versus intact casein on gastric emptying and amino acid responses. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(3):955-964. View abstract.
Horner K, Drummond E, O'Sullivan V, S C Sri Harsha P, Brennan L. Effects of a casein hydrolysate versus intact casein on gastric emptying and amino acid responses. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(3):955-964. View abstract.
Hurrell RF, Lynch SR, Trinidad TP, et al. Iron absorption in humans as influenced by bovine milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49(3):546-52. View abstract.
Hurrell RF, Lynch SR, Trinidad TP, et al. Iron absorption in humans as influenced by bovine milk proteins. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49(3):546-52. View abstract.
Jenkins DJ, Srichaikul K, Wong JM, et al. Supplemental barley protein and casein similarly affect serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic women and men. J Nutr 2010;140(9):1633-7. View abstract.
Jenkins DJ, Srichaikul K, Wong JM, et al. Supplemental barley protein and casein similarly affect serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic women and men. J Nutr 2010;140(9):1633-7. View abstract.
Kashyap S, Okamoto E, Kanaya S, et al. Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas. Pediatrics 1987;79(5):748-55. View abstract.
Kashyap S, Okamoto E, Kanaya S, et al. Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas. Pediatrics 1987;79(5):748-55. View abstract.
Kearns PJ, Young H, Garcia G, et al. Accelerated improvement of alcoholic liver disease with enteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1992;102(1):200-5. View abstract.
Kearns PJ, Young H, Garcia G, et al. Accelerated improvement of alcoholic liver disease with enteral nutrition. Gastroenterology 1992;102(1):200-5. View abstract.
Knip M, Virtanen SM, Akerblom HK. Infant feeding and the risk of type 1 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(5):1506S-1513S. View abstract.
Knip M, Virtanen SM, Akerblom HK. Infant feeding and the risk of type 1 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(5):1506S-1513S. View abstract.
Koopman R, Crombach N, Gijsen AP, et al. Ingestion of a protein hydrolysate is accompanied by an accelerated in vivo digestion and absorption rate when compared with its intact protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90(1):106-15. View abstract.
Koopman R, Crombach N, Gijsen AP, et al. Ingestion of a protein hydrolysate is accompanied by an accelerated in vivo digestion and absorption rate when compared with its intact protein. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90(1):106-15. View abstract.
Laatikainen R, Salmenkari H, Sibakov T, Vapaatalo H, Turpeinen A. Randomised Controlled Trial: Partial Hydrolysation of Casein Protein in Milk Decreases Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Subjects with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2140. View abstract.
Laatikainen R, Salmenkari H, Sibakov T, Vapaatalo H, Turpeinen A. Randomised Controlled Trial: Partial Hydrolysation of Casein Protein in Milk Decreases Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Subjects with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2140. View abstract.
Lam HY, van Hoffen E, Michelsen A, et al. Cow's milk allergy in adults is rare but severe: Both casein and whey proteins are involved. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38(6):995-1002. View abstract.
Lam HY, van Hoffen E, Michelsen A, et al. Cow's milk allergy in adults is rare but severe: Both casein and whey proteins are involved. Clin Exp Allergy 2008;38(6):995-1002. View abstract.
Lang V, Bellisle F, Oppert JM, et al. Satiating effect of proteins in healthy subjects: a comparison of egg albumin, casein, gelatin, soy protein, pea protein, and wheat gluten. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67(6):1197-204. View abstract.
Lang V, Bellisle F, Oppert JM, et al. Satiating effect of proteins in healthy subjects: a comparison of egg albumin, casein, gelatin, soy protein, pea protein, and wheat gluten. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67(6):1197-204. View abstract.
Lollo PC, Amaya-Farfan J, de Carvalho-Silva LB. Physiological and physical effects of different milk protein supplements in elite soccer players. J Hum Kinet 2011;30:49-57. View abstract.
Lollo PC, Amaya-Farfan J, de Carvalho-Silva LB. Physiological and physical effects of different milk protein supplements in elite soccer players. J Hum Kinet 2011;30:49-57. View abstract.
Lonnerdal B, Forsum E. Casein content of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41(1):113-20. View abstract.
Lonnerdal B, Forsum E. Casein content of human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 1985;41(1):113-20. View abstract.
Lonnerdal B. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J Nutr 2000;130(5S Suppl):1378S-83S. View abstract.
Lonnerdal B. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J Nutr 2000;130(5S Suppl):1378S-83S. View abstract.
Madzima TA, Melanson JT, Black JR, Nepocatych S. Pre-Sleep Consumption of Casein and Whey Protein: Effects on Morning Metabolism and Resistance Exercise Performance in Active Women. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1273. View abstract.
Madzima TA, Melanson JT, Black JR, Nepocatych S. Pre-Sleep Consumption of Casein and Whey Protein: Effects on Morning Metabolism and Resistance Exercise Performance in Active Women. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1273. View abstract.
Madzima TA, Panton LB, Fretti SK, et al. Night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate results in increased morning resting energy expenditure in active college-aged men. Br J Nutr 2014;111(1):71-7. View abstract.
Madzima TA, Panton LB, Fretti SK, et al. Night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate results in increased morning resting energy expenditure in active college-aged men. Br J Nutr 2014;111(1):71-7. View abstract.
Mallet E, Henocq A. Long-term prevention of allergic diseases by using protein hydrolysate formula in at-risk infants. J Pediatr 1992;121(5 Pt 2):S95-100. View abstract.
Mallet E, Henocq A. Long-term prevention of allergic diseases by using protein hydrolysate formula in at-risk infants. J Pediatr 1992;121(5 Pt 2):S95-100. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Hansen D, Zorenc AH, et al. Protein co-ingestion strongly increases postprandial insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients. J Med Food 2014;17(7):758-63. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Hansen D, Zorenc AH, et al. Protein co-ingestion strongly increases postprandial insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients. J Med Food 2014;17(7):758-63. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Koopman R, Sluijsmans WE, et al. Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with or without additional leucine effectively reduces postprandial blood glucose excursions in type 2 diabetic men. J Nutr 2006;136(5):1294-9. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Koopman R, Sluijsmans WE, et al. Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with or without additional leucine effectively reduces postprandial blood glucose excursions in type 2 diabetic men. J Nutr 2006;136(5):1294-9. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Praet SF, Meex RC, et al. Protein hydrolysate/leucine co-ingestion reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2006;29(12):2721-2. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Praet SF, Meex RC, et al. Protein hydrolysate/leucine co-ingestion reduces the prevalence of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2006;29(12):2721-2. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Wagenmakers AJ, Koopman R, et al. Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate and amino acid mixture with carbohydrate improves plasma glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(1):76-83. View abstract.
Manders RJ, Wagenmakers AJ, Koopman R, et al. Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate and amino acid mixture with carbohydrate improves plasma glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(1):76-83. View abstract.
Marchesini G, Dioguardi FS, Bianchi GP, et al. Long-term oral branched-chain amino acid treatment in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. A randomized double-blind casein-controlled trial. The Italian Multicenter Study Group. J Hepatol 1990;11:92-101. View abstract.
Marchesini G, Dioguardi FS, Bianchi GP, et al. Long-term oral branched-chain amino acid treatment in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. A randomized double-blind casein-controlled trial. The Italian Multicenter Study Group. J Hepatol 1990;11:92-101. View abstract.
Marsset-Baglieri A, Fromentin G, Airinei G, et al. Milk protein fractions moderately extend the duration of satiety compared with carbohydrates independently of their digestive kinetics in overweight subjects. Br J Nutr 2014;112(4):557-64. View abstract.
Marsset-Baglieri A, Fromentin G, Airinei G, et al. Milk protein fractions moderately extend the duration of satiety compared with carbohydrates independently of their digestive kinetics in overweight subjects. Br J Nutr 2014;112(4):557-64. View abstract.
McGregor RA, Poppit SD. Milk protein for improved metabolic health: A review of the evidence. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013;10(1):46. View abstract.
McGregor RA, Poppit SD. Milk protein for improved metabolic health: A review of the evidence. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2013;10(1):46. View abstract.
Nilausen K, Meinertz H. Variable lipemic response to dietary soy protein in healthy, normolipemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1380S-4S. View abstract.
Nilausen K, Meinertz H. Variable lipemic response to dietary soy protein in healthy, normolipemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1380S-4S. View abstract.
Oldaeus G, Anjou K, Bjorksten B, et al. Extensively and partially hydrolysed infant formulas for allergy prophylaxis. Arch Dis Child 1997;77(1):4-10. View abstract.
Oldaeus G, Anjou K, Bjorksten B, et al. Extensively and partially hydrolysed infant formulas for allergy prophylaxis. Arch Dis Child 1997;77(1):4-10. View abstract.
Ormsbee MJ, Mandler WK, Thomas DD, et al. The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nut 2012;9(1):49. View abstract.
Ormsbee MJ, Mandler WK, Thomas DD, et al. The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nut 2012;9(1):49. View abstract.
Ormsbee MJ, Saracino PG, Morrissey MC, Donaldson J, Rentería LI, McKune AJ. Pre-sleep protein supplementation after an acute bout of evening resistance exercise does not improve next day performance or recovery in resistance trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022;19(1):164-178. View abstract.
Ormsbee MJ, Saracino PG, Morrissey MC, Donaldson J, Rentería LI, McKune AJ. Pre-sleep protein supplementation after an acute bout of evening resistance exercise does not improve next day performance or recovery in resistance trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022;19(1):164-178. View abstract.
Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Hagger M, Ellis V. Comparative effects of whey and casein proteins on satiety in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trail. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014;68(9):980-6. View abstract.
Pal S, Radavelli-Bagatini S, Hagger M, Ellis V. Comparative effects of whey and casein proteins on satiety in overweight and obese individuals: a randomized controlled trail. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014;68(9):980-6. View abstract.
Pasin G, Comerford KB. Dairy food and dairy proteins in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Adv Nutr 2015;6(3):245-59. View abstract.
Pasin G, Comerford KB. Dairy food and dairy proteins in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Adv Nutr 2015;6(3):245-59. View abstract.
Pedrosa M, Pascual CY, Larco JI, Esteban MM. Palatability and hydrolysates and other substitution formulas for cow's milk-allergic children: a comparative study of taste, smell, and texture evaluated by healthy volunteers. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006;16(6):351-6. View abstract.
Pedrosa M, Pascual CY, Larco JI, Esteban MM. Palatability and hydrolysates and other substitution formulas for cow's milk-allergic children: a comparative study of taste, smell, and texture evaluated by healthy volunteers. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2006;16(6):351-6. View abstract.
Potter SM, Baum JA, Teng H, et al. Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1375S-9S. View abstract.
Potter SM, Baum JA, Teng H, et al. Soy protein and isoflavones: their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:1375S-9S. View abstract.
Qin LQ, Xu JY, Dong JY, Zhao Y, van Bladeren P, Zhang W. Lactotripeptides intake and blood pressure management: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;23(5):395-402. View abstract.
Qin LQ, Xu JY, Dong JY, Zhao Y, van Bladeren P, Zhang W. Lactotripeptides intake and blood pressure management: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;23(5):395-402. View abstract.
Rajah R, Pettifor JM, Noormohamed M, et al. The effect of feeding four different formulae on stool weights in prolonged dehydrating infantile gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1988;7(2):203-7. View abstract.
Rajah R, Pettifor JM, Noormohamed M, et al. The effect of feeding four different formulae on stool weights in prolonged dehydrating infantile gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1988;7(2):203-7. View abstract.
Ratliff KM, Kerksick CM, Moon JM, et al. Metabolic impact of feeding prior to a 60-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise in females in a fasted state. Front Sports Act Living 2023;4:1070477. View abstract.
Ratliff KM, Kerksick CM, Moon JM, et al. Metabolic impact of feeding prior to a 60-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise in females in a fasted state. Front Sports Act Living 2023;4:1070477. View abstract.
Res PT, Groen B, Pennings B, et al. Protein ingestion before sleep improves postexercise overnight recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44(8):1560-9. View abstract.
Res PT, Groen B, Pennings B, et al. Protein ingestion before sleep improves postexercise overnight recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44(8):1560-9. View abstract.
Roy CC, Darling P. Pitfalls in the design and manufacture of infant formulas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983;2 Suppl 1:S282-92. View abstract.
Roy CC, Darling P. Pitfalls in the design and manufacture of infant formulas. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983;2 Suppl 1:S282-92. View abstract.
Shige H, Ishikawa T, Higashi K, et al. Effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and casein on the postprandial lipemia in normolipidemic men. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1998;44(1):113-27. View abstract.
Shige H, Ishikawa T, Higashi K, et al. Effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and casein on the postprandial lipemia in normolipidemic men. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1998;44(1):113-27. View abstract.
Taitz LS, Scholey E. Are babies more satisfied by casein based formulas? Arch Dis Child 1989;64(4):619-21. View abstract.
Taitz LS, Scholey E. Are babies more satisfied by casein based formulas? Arch Dis Child 1989;64(4):619-21. View abstract.
Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, et al. Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men. J Appl Physiol 2009;107:987-92. View abstract.
Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, et al. Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men. J Appl Physiol 2009;107:987-92. View abstract.
Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G, Yardley NJ, et al. Creatine-dextrose and protein-dextrose induce similar strength gains during training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33(12):2044-52. View abstract.
Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G, Yardley NJ, et al. Creatine-dextrose and protein-dextrose induce similar strength gains during training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33(12):2044-52. View abstract.
Teede HJ, Dalais FS, Kotsopoulos D, et al. Dietary soy has both beneficial and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3053-60. View abstract.
Teede HJ, Dalais FS, Kotsopoulos D, et al. Dietary soy has both beneficial and potentially adverse cardiovascular effects: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3053-60. View abstract.
Teixeira SR, Potter SM, Weigel R, et al. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1077-84. View abstract.
Teixeira SR, Potter SM, Weigel R, et al. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids and apolipoproteins in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1077-84. View abstract.
Tonstad S, Smerud K, Hoie L. A comparison of the effects of 2 doses of soy protein or casein on serum lipids, serum lipoproteins, and plasma total homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:78-84. View abstract.
Tonstad S, Smerud K, Hoie L. A comparison of the effects of 2 doses of soy protein or casein on serum lipids, serum lipoproteins, and plasma total homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:78-84. View abstract.
Trommelen J, Holwerda AM, Senden JM, et al. Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020; 52(9):1983-1991. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002337. View abstract.
Trommelen J, Holwerda AM, Senden JM, et al. Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020; 52(9):1983-1991. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002337. View abstract.
Trommelen J, van Lieshout GAA, Pabla P, et al. Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion Increases Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Rates During Overnight Recovery from Endurance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Med 2023. View abstract.
Trommelen J, van Lieshout GAA, Pabla P, et al. Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion Increases Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Rates During Overnight Recovery from Endurance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Med 2023. View abstract.
Turpeinen AM, Järvenpää S, Kautiainen H, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Antihypertensive effects of bioactive tripeptides-a random effects meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2013;45(1):51-6. View abstract.
Turpeinen AM, Järvenpää S, Kautiainen H, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Antihypertensive effects of bioactive tripeptides-a random effects meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2013;45(1):51-6. View abstract.
Verdijk LB, Jonkers RA, Gleeson BG, et al. Protein supplementation before and after exercise does not further augment skeletal muscle hypertrophy after resistance training in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(2):608-16. View abstract.
Verdijk LB, Jonkers RA, Gleeson BG, et al. Protein supplementation before and after exercise does not further augment skeletal muscle hypertrophy after resistance training in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;89(2):608-16. View abstract.
Viall C, Porcelli K, Teran JC, et al. A double-blind clinical trial comparing the gastrointestinal side effects of two enteral feeding formulas. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990;14(3):265-9. View abstract.
Viall C, Porcelli K, Teran JC, et al. A double-blind clinical trial comparing the gastrointestinal side effects of two enteral feeding formulas. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990;14(3):265-9. View abstract.
Virtanen SM, Knip M. Nutritional risk predictors of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes at a young age. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78(6):1053-67. View abstract.
Virtanen SM, Knip M. Nutritional risk predictors of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes at a young age. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78(6):1053-67. View abstract.
von Berg A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Kramer U, et al. Preventive effect of hydrolyzed infant formulas persists until age 6 years: long-term results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study (GINI). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121(6):1442-7. View abstract.
von Berg A, Filipiak-Pittroff B, Kramer U, et al. Preventive effect of hydrolyzed infant formulas persists until age 6 years: long-term results from the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study (GINI). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121(6):1442-7. View abstract.
von Berg A, Koletzko S, Filipiak-Pittroff B, et al. Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma: three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119(3):718-25. View abstract.
von Berg A, Koletzko S, Filipiak-Pittroff B, et al. Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma: three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119(3):718-25. View abstract.
von Berg A, Koletzko S, Grubl A, et al. The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111(3):533-40. View abstract.
von Berg A, Koletzko S, Grubl A, et al. The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111(3):533-40. View abstract.
Wal JM. Bovine milk allergenicity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004;93(5 Suppl 3):S2-11. View abstract.
Wal JM. Bovine milk allergenicity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2004;93(5 Suppl 3):S2-11. View abstract.
Wal JM. Cow's milk proteins/allergens. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89:3-10. View abstract.
Wal JM. Cow's milk proteins/allergens. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;89:3-10. View abstract.
Wal JM. Structure and function of milk allergens. Allergy 2001;56:35-8. View abstract.
Wal JM. Structure and function of milk allergens. Allergy 2001;56:35-8. View abstract.
Wang MF, Yamamoto S, Chung HM, et al. Antihypercholesterolemic effect of undigested fraction of soybean protein in young female volunteers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995;41(2):187-95. View abstract.
Wang MF, Yamamoto S, Chung HM, et al. Antihypercholesterolemic effect of undigested fraction of soybean protein in young female volunteers. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995;41(2):187-95. View abstract.
Weisse K, Brandsch C, Zernsdorf B, et al. Lupin protein compared to casein lowers the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol-ratio of hypercholesterolemic adults. Eur J Nutr 2010;49(2):65-71. View abstract.
Weisse K, Brandsch C, Zernsdorf B, et al. Lupin protein compared to casein lowers the LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol-ratio of hypercholesterolemic adults. Eur J Nutr 2010;49(2):65-71. View abstract.
Westphal S, Kastner S, Taneva E, et al. Postprandial lipid and carbohydrate responses after the ingestion of a casein-enriched mixed meal. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(2):284-90. View abstract.
Westphal S, Kastner S, Taneva E, et al. Postprandial lipid and carbohydrate responses after the ingestion of a casein-enriched mixed meal. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(2):284-90. View abstract.
Wilborn CD, Taylor LW, Outlaw J, et al. The effects of pre- and post-exercise whey vs. casein protein consumption on body composition and performance measures in collegiate female athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2013;12(1):74-9. View abstract.
Wilborn CD, Taylor LW, Outlaw J, et al. The effects of pre- and post-exercise whey vs. casein protein consumption on body composition and performance measures in collegiate female athletes. J Sports Sci Med 2013;12(1):74-9. View abstract.
Select a condition to view a list of vitamins
CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.
This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version.
© Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.